What is a potential outcome of improper excitation current adjustment in a generator?

Improper adjustment of excitation current in a generator primarily leads to voltage instability. The excitation current controls the magnetic field strength in the generator, which is crucial for maintaining the output voltage at the desired level. If the excitation current is too low, the generator may produce insufficient voltage, which can lead to underperformance and oscillations in the voltage being supplied to the grid. Conversely, if the excitation current is too high, the generator may produce excessive voltage, potentially leading to over-voltage conditions and damage to electrical equipment connected to the system.

Voltage stability is essential for the reliable operation of the power system as it affects not only the generator's performance but also the overall integrity of the electrical grid. Imbalances or fluctuations in voltage can result in operational issues, protective relay activations, or even outages, making it vital to maintain proper excitation levels for optimal performance and grid reliability.